Groundwater contains high levels of iron and manganese.
This occurs because iron and manganese are more abundant in the Earth's crust than other metals, dissolving into groundwater through its carbonate components and becoming mixed in.
For use as drinking water or utility water, these must be removed to levels below regulatory standards.
For filtration, we recommend contact oxidation treatment using iron/manganese removal media (manganese sand, Ferrolite series, Toyolex F). Additionally, dual-media filtration with anthracite allows simultaneousremoval of turbidity and iron/manganese within a single tower.